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Formaldehyde Solutions
1-Basic Information on Formaldehyde Solutions
2-Health Effects of Formaldehyde Solutions
3-First Aid for Exposure to Formaldehyde Solutions
4-Working Safely with Formaldehyde Solutions
5-Personal Protective Equipment Information for Formaldehyde Solutions
6-International Hazard Classifications for Formaldehyde Solutions
7-Source of Information on Formaldehyde Solutions
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4-Working Safely with Formaldehyde Solutions

What is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommended exposure limit for formaldehyde solutions (activated and inactivated)?
Are there any conditions to avoid when using formaldehyde solutions?
Does formaldehyde solutions have an odour threshold (at what level can I smell it)?
Is the odour of formaldehyde solutions reliable as a warning property?
How can I work with formaldehyde solutions safely?
What can be done to control hazardous conditions?


What is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommended exposure limit for formaldehyde solutions (activated and inactivated)?

CEILING EXPOSURE LIMIT (TLV-C) : 0.3 ppm, Sensitizer - Carcinogenicity Designation A2

TLV BASIS - CRITICAL EFFECT(S) : Irritation; Cancer

TLV COMMENTS :

NOTE: In many jurisdictions, exposure limits are similar to the ACGIH TLVs. Since the manner in which exposure limits are established, interpreted, and implemented can vary, obtain detailed information from the appropriate government agency in each jurisdiction.

What are the fire and explosion dangers associated with formaldehyde solutions?

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. Formaldehyde gas evaporating from solutions can form explosive mixtures with air at, or above 50-85 deg C, depending on the concentration. During a fire, flammable hydrogen gas and irritating and/or toxic gases may be generated. Heat from a fire can cause a rapid build-up of pressure inside containers, which may cause explosive rupture and a sudden release of large amounts of flammable and very toxic gases.

NOTE: The complete fire properties of formaldehyde solutions depend on the concentration of formaldehyde and other ingredients present in the formulation (e.g. methanol or other alcohols). Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for additional information.

Are formaldehyde solutions stable when exposed to air, moisture, or heat?

Formaldehyde solutions are unstable and can polymerize at low temperatures unless stabilizers are present. This polymerization reaction is not hazardous. At higher temperatures, formic acid and methanol may form in solutions. Formaldehyde gas can be oxidized slowly in air to produce formic acid.

Are there any conditions to avoid when using formaldehyde solutions?

Open flames, heat, hot surfaces, sparks and other ignition sources.

Does formaldehyde solutions have an odour threshold (at what level can I smell it)?

The odour threshold varies between individuals and a wide range of values has been reported. Odour recognition has been reported to occur in the range of 0.027-1.9 ppm.

Is the odour of formaldehyde solutions reliable as a warning property?

POOR - odour may not be detected at the TLV.

How can I work with formaldehyde solutions safely?

This material is a VERY TOXIC (INHALATION HAZARD, SKIN CONTACT HAZARD, SKIN SENSITIZER, POSSIBLE MUTAGEN and a CANCER HAZARD) and CORROSIVE (eyes, skin and some metals) liquid. This material is also a COMBUSTIBLE solution.

Before handling it is very important that engineering controls are operating and that protective equipment requirements and personal hygiene measures are being followed. People working with this chemical should be properly trained regarding its hazards and its safe use. Maintenance and emergency personnel should be advised of potential hazards.

Unprotected persons should avoid all contact with this chemical including contaminated equipment.

If formaldehyde is released, immediately put on a suitable respirator and leave the area until the severity of the release is determined. Immediately report leaks, spills or ventilation failures. Be aware of typical signs and symptoms of poisoning and first aid procedures. Any signs of illness should be reported immediately to supervisory personnel. Seek medical attention for all exposures even if an exposure did not seem excessive. Symptoms of a severe exposure can be delayed.

If possible, use closed handling systems for processes involving this material. If a closed handling system is not possible, use in smallest possible amounts in a well-ventilated area, separate from the storage area.

Avoid generating mists. Prevent the release of gas and mists of the solution into workplace air. Inspect containers for damage or leaks before handling. Use the type of containers recommended by the manufacturer. Cautiously, dispense into sturdy containers made of compatible materials. Use corrosion-resistant transfer equipment when dispensing.

Follow chemical manufacturer's/supplier's advice regarding venting of drums. Immediately contact the chemical manufacturer/supplier for handling instructions if drums of this material appear to be swollen.

Formaldehyde gas is extremely flammable. For large-scale operations, consider the installation of leak and fire detection equipment along with a suitable, automatic fire suppression system. Use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe electrical systems in areas of use. Avoid all ignition sources. Post "NO-SMOKING" signs. It is good practice to keep all areas where this material is handled clear of other materials which can burn (e.g. cardboard, sawdust).

Do not use with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, hydrochloric acid, performic acid, phenol and acrylonitrile. See Incompatibilities - Materials to Avoid section for more information.

Never perform any welding, cutting, soldering, drilling or other hot work on an empty vessel, container or piping until all liquid, gases and vapours have been cleared.

Label containers. Avoid damaging containers. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. Empty containers may contain hazardous residues. Inspect containers for damage or leaks before handling. Secondary protective containers must be used when this material is being carried.

Have suitable emergency equipment for fires, spills and leaks readily available.

Follow handling precautions on Material Safety Data Sheet. Practice good housekeeping. Maintain handling equipment. Comply with applicable regulations.

What can be done to control hazardous conditions?

Engineering methods to control hazardous conditions are preferred. Methods include mechanical ventilation (dilution and local exhaust), process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions, and process modification (e.g. substitution of a less hazardous material). Administrative controls and personal protective equipment may also be required.

Because of the high potential hazard of formaldehyde, stringent control measures such as enclosure (closed handling system) or isolation may be necessary for handling this material. A totally enclosed system with an associated purging system should be considered for sampling process liquids.

It is good practice to use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe electrical systems in areas of use. Exhaust directly to the outside, taking necessary precautions for environmental protection. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by exhaust systems.

For large-scale operations, consider the installation of leak detection equipment.

Document last updated on July 7, 2006

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