TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TLV-TWA): 50 ppm, Skin - Carcinogenicity Designation A4

TLV BASIS - CRITICAL EFFECT(S) : CNS (central nervous system)

CARCINOGENICITY DESIGNATION A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Inadequate data on which to classify the substance as a human and/or animal carcinogen.

"SKIN" NOTATION: Contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes can contribute to the overall exposure and may invalidate the TLV. Consider measures to prevent absorption by these routes.

BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIs): The ACGIH has adopted a BEI for this chemical. BEIs provide an indicated of worker exposure by measuring the chemical or its breakdown products in the body or by measuring biochemical changes resulting from exposure to the chemical. Consult the BEI documentation for further information.

NOTE: In many Canadian jurisdictions, exposure limits are similar to the ACGIH TLVs. Since the manner in which exposure limits are established, interpreted, and implemented can vary, obtain detailed information from the appropriate government agency in each jurisdiction.

Flammable liquid. Can release vapours that form explosive mixtures with air at, or above, 4 deg C. Liquid can accumulate static charge by flow or agitation. Vapour can be ignited by a static discharge. Vapour is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back to a leak or open container. Liquid can float on water and may travel to distant locations and/or spread fire. During a fire, irritating/toxic gases may be generated. Toluene can accumulate in confined spaces, resulting in a toxicity and flammability hazard. Containers may explode in heat of fire.

Yes, toluene is stable.

Static discharge, sparks, open flames, heat and other ignition sources.

There is a wide variation in values: 0.16 - 37 ppm (detection); 1.9 - 69 ppm (recognition).

NOT RELIABLE: Wide variation in odour threshold values. Smell may not be noticed after short exposure. Slight eye irritation at 100 - 400 ppm.

This material is a FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC LIQUID. Before handling, it is very important that engineering controls are operating and that protective equipment requirements are being followed. People working with this chemical should be properly trained regarding its hazards and its safe use.

Eliminate all ignition sources (e.g. sparks, open flames, hot surfaces). Keep away from heat. Post NO SMOKING signs. It is very important to keep areas where this material is used clear of other materials which can burn. Liquid can accumulate charge. Increase conductivity with additive designed for that purpose, reduce flow rate in transfer operations, increase time the liquid remains in transfer piping and/or handle at lower temperature. Electrically ground all drums, transfer vessels, hoses and piping. Ground clips must contact bare metal. When dispensing in other than a closed system, ensure dispensing container is bonded to receiving transfer equipment and container.

Never perform any welding, cutting, soldering, drilling or other hot work on an empty vessel, container or piping until all liquid and vapours have been cleared. To reduce the fire/explosion hazard, consider the use of an inert gas in the container or storage vessel. Use non-sparking ventilation systems, approved explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe electrical systems in areas of use. Keep aisles and exits free of obstruction. For large scale operations, consider the installation of leak and fire detection equipment along with a suitable, automatic fire suppression system.

Avoid generating vapours or mists. Prevent the release of vapours and mists into the workplace air. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, if necessary, to avoid contact with this chemical and any contaminated equipment.

Use in smallest possible amounts in a well ventilated area separate from the storage area. Do not use with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents (e.g. peroxides, nitrates and perchlorates). These can increase the risk of fire and explosion.

To avoid splashing, carefully dispense into sturdy containers made of compatible materials. Never transfer liquids by pressurizing the original shipping containers with air or inert gas. Do not dispense in storage area unless dispensing area is segregated by fire-resistant construction. Only use portable containers and dispensing equipment (faucet, pump, drip can) approved for flammable liquids. Never return contaminated material to its original container. Label containers. Keep containers closed when not in use. Avoid damaging containers. Empty containers may contain hazardous residues.

Follow handling precautions on Material Safety Data Sheet. Practice good housekeeping. Maintain handling equipment. Comply with applicable regulations.

Engineering methods to control hazardous conditions are preferred. Methods include mechanical ventilation (dilution and local exhaust), process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions, and process modification (e.g. substitution of a less hazardous material). Administrative controls and personal protective equipment may also be required. Use a non- sparking, grounded ventilation system separate from other exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust directly to the outside, taking necessary precautions for environmental protection.

When there is large scale use of this material, local exhaust ventilation with or without process enclosure may be necessary. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by exhaust systems.